Okthoba 18, 2022 7:49 AM
STAFFORD, VIRGINIA —
Ubani owathi akukho okusha phansi kwelanga?
Enye yezinto ezintsha ezishisa izikhotha zokukhiqiza ugesi okungangcolisi ama-photovoltaics antantayo, noma i-FPV, ehlanganisa amaphaneli elanga agxilile emanzini, ikakhulukazi amachibi, amachibi nezilwandle.Amanye amaphrojekthi e-Asia ahlanganisa izinkulungwane zamaphaneli ukuze akhiqize amakhulu ama-megawatts.
I-FPV iqale e-Asia naseYurophu lapho yenza khona umqondo omkhulu wezomnotho ngendawo evulekile eyaziswa kakhulu kwezolimo.
Amasistimu okuqala anesizotha afakwa e-Japan nase-California Winery ngo-2007 nango-2008.
Emhlabeni, iphrojekthi ye-megawatt eyodwa idinga phakathi kwehektha elilodwa ne-1.6.
Amaphrojekthi welanga antantayo athandeka nakakhulu uma angakhiwa emanzini aseduze nezindawo zokuphehla amandla ngamanzi anezintambo zokudlulisa ezikhona.
Iningi lamaphrojekthi amakhulu kunawo wonke aseChina naseNdiya.Kukhona nezinsiza ezinkulu eBrazil, ePortugal naseSingapore.
Ipulazi elizungezayo elingu-2.1 gigawatt endaweni egcwele amanzi ogwini loLwandle Oluphuzi eSouth Korea, elizoqukatha amamojula elanga ayizigidi ezinhlanu endaweni ehlanganisa amakhilomitha-skwele angama-30 ngenani lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine, libhekene nekusasa elingaqinisekile nge uhulumeni omusha eSeoul.UMongameli Yoon Suk-yeol uveze ukuthi ukhetha ukukhulisa amandla enuzi ngaphezu kwamandla elanga.
Amanye amaphrojekthi esikali se-gigawatt ayasuka ebhodini lokudwetshwa eNdiya naseLaos, kanye naseNorth Sea, ngasogwini lwaseDutch.
Ubuchwepheshe buphinde bajabulisa abahleli e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara abanezinga eliphansi lokufinyelela ugesi emhlabeni kanye nenala yokukhanya kwelanga.
Emazweni athembele kugesi omningi ophehlwa ngamanzi, “kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukuphehlwa kukagesi kubukeka kanjani ngesikhathi sesomiso, isibonelo, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, silindele ukuthi sizobona izimo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.Uma sicabanga ngesomiso, kunethuba lokuthi sibe ne-FPV njengenye inketho yamandla avuselelekayo kukhithi yakho yamathuluzi ngokuyisisekelo,” kuchaza uSika Gadzanku, umcwaningi eLabhorethri Kazwelonke Yamandla Avuselelwe Kazwelonke yoMnyango Wezamandla wase-US eColorado.Ngakho-ke esikhundleni sokuncika kakhulu ku-hydro, manje ungasebenzisa i-FPV eyengeziwe futhi wehlise ukuncika kwakho ku-hydro, ngezikhathi ezomile kakhulu, ukusebenzisa ama-photovoltaics akho elanga antantayo."
Ukumbozwa kwephesenti elilodwa lamadamu aphehla amandla kagesi anamaphaneli elanga antantayo kunganikeza ukwanda ngamaphesenti angama-50 okukhiqizwa konyaka kwezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi e-Afrika, ngokusho kuka-ucwaningo oluxhaswe yiKhomishini YaseYurophu.
FILE - Amaphaneli elanga afakwe esitshalweni esintantayo se-photovoltaic echibini e-Haltern, eJalimane, ngo-Ephreli 1, 2022.
Izinselele
Kukhona izingozi ezingenzeka ze-floatovoltaic, noma kunjalo.Isitshalo sithungeleke ngomlilo esifundeni sase-Chiba eJapan ngo-2019. Izikhulu zasola isishingishane ngokugudluza amaphaneli elinye phezu kwelinye, sidale ukushisa okukhulu futhi ngokunokwenzeka okubangele umlilo endaweni engamahektha ayi-18 equkethe amaphaneli elanga antantayo angaphezu kuka-50,000 eDamu laseYamakura.
Isithiyo esibaluleke kakhulu ekwamukelweni okubanzi kobuchwepheshe, okwamanje, yintengo.Kubiza kakhulu ukwakha uhlu oluntantayo kunokufakwa kosayizi ofanayo emhlabeni.Kodwa ngezindleko eziphakeme kunezinzuzo ezengeziwe: Ngenxa yokupholisa okwenziwa emanzini, amaphaneli antantayo angasebenza ngokuphumelelayo kunamaphaneli elanga avamile.Ziphinde zehlise ukuchayeka ekukhanyeni futhi zehlise izinga lokushisa lamanzi, zinciphise ukukhula kolwelwe oluyingozi.
Konke lokho kuzwakale kuthembisa izikhulu edolobheni laseWindsor enyakatho yezwe lewayini leCalifornia.Cishe amaphaneli elanga angu-5,000, ngalinye likhiqiza amawathi kagesi angu-360, manje asentanta kwelinye lamachibi amanzi angcolile eWindsor.
“Bonke baxhumene.Iphaneli ngayinye ithola ukuntanta kwayo.Futhi empeleni zihamba kahle ngesenzo samagagasi nesenzo somoya,” .Ungamangala ukuthi bangakwazi kanjani ukumunca amagagasi futhi bawakhiphe ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukuhlukana,” kusho u-Garrett Broughton, unjiniyela omkhulu wezokwakha emnyangweni wezemisebenzi yomphakathi wakwaWindsor.
Amaphaneli antantayo alula kumvelo kanye nesabelomali se-Windsor, lapho umthethosivivinywa kagesi wesikhungo samanzi angcolile ubumkhulu kuhulumeni wedolobha.
Ilungu loMkhandlu Wedolobha u-Debora Fudge uphushele iphrojekthi engu-1.78-megawatt esikhundleni sokubeka amaphaneli elanga phezu kwezindawo zokupaka izimoto.
Baqeda amathani angama-350 e-carbon dioxide minyaka yonke.Futhi zihlinzeka ngamaphesenti angama-90 wamandla esiwadingayo kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, kukho konke ukusebenza kwegceke lenkampani yethu kanye nokumpompa amanzi ethu angcolile kuma-geyers, okuyinkundla yokushiswa komhlaba, cishe amamayela angu-40 ( 64 kilometres) enyakatho,” uFudge utshele iVOA.
Idolobhana liqashisa amaphaneli antantayo enkampanini ewafakile, okulinikeza inani elimisiwe likagesi ngenkontileka yesikhathi eside, okusho ukuthi i-Windsor ikhokha cishe u-30% walokho ebikusebenzise ngaphambilini ngenani elifanayo lamandla.
“Akufani nokuthi sifake imali entweni lapho singayitholi khona imbuyiselo.Sithola imbuyiselo njengoba sikhuluma.Futhi sizothola imbuyiselo iminyaka engu-25,” kusho imeya yaseWindsor, uSam Salmon.
Izinhlelo ezintantayo azihloselwe ukumboza ngokuphelele amanzi, okuvumela ukuba eminye imisebenzi iqhubeke, njengokugibela izikebhe nokudoba.
“Asicabangi ukuthi ukuntanta kuzovala wonke amanzi, imvamisa kuba yinani elincane kakhulu lamanzi,” kusho uGadzanku weNREL etshela iVOA."Ngisho ngokubuka nje awufuni ukubona amaphaneli e-PV amboze indawo yokugcina amanzi."
I-NREL ikhombe imizimba yamanzi enziwe umuntu engu-24,419 e-United States njengakulungele ukubekwa kwe-FPV.Amaphaneli antantayo ahlanganisa okungaphezudlwana kwengxenye eyodwa kwezine yendawo ngayinye yalezi zindawo angase akhiqize cishe amaphesenti ayishumi ezidingo zamandla zaseMelika,ngokwelabhu.
Phakathi kwalezi zindawo kukhona i-Smith Lake engamahektha angu-119, ichibi elenziwe umuntu eliphethwe yi-Stafford County eVirginia ukuze kukhiqizwe amanzi okuphuza.Futhi iyindawo yokudoba ukuzijabulisa eduzane nesizinda se-Quantico sase-US Marine Corps.
"Iningi lalezi zindikimba zamanzi ezifanelekile zisezindaweni ezicindezelwe ngamanzi ezinezindleko eziphezulu zokuthengwa komhlaba kanye namanani aphezulu kagesi, okuphakamisa izinzuzo eziningi zobuchwepheshe be-FP," kubhala abalobi bocwaningo.
"Impela inketho enobuchwepheshe obuningi obufakazelwe ngemuva kwayo," kusho uGadzanku.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-20-2022