I-China ivimbela ukuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ubuchwepheshe bephaneli yelanga

I-Reverse Golden Rule - phatha abanye ngendlela abakuphatha ngayo - kuhloswe ngayo ukugcina isimo sokuhola ekwenzeni ama-silicon amakhulu.

Emfanekisweni wesibuko salokho i-United States ebikwenza ngobuchwepheshe be-semiconductor lithography, i-China isanda kuchibiyela imithetho yayo ukuze ivimbele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ubuchwepheshe obuningana obuyinhloko bephaneli yelanga ukuze kugcinwe isimo sayo esihamba phambili kanye nesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke kulo mkhakha.

A iphaneli yelangaophahleni kungase kuhlanganise izingcezu eziyikhulu ze-silicon futhi iShayina iyahola manje emishinini yokwenza lezo.Manje abakhiqizi baseShayina banqatshelwe ukusebenzisa i-silicon yabo enkulu, i-silicon emnyama kanye nobuchwepheshe be-cast-mono silicon phesheya kwezilwandle, ngokusho kwemihlahlandlela yokuthekelisa esanda kuchitshiyelwa eshicilelwe nguMnyango Wezohwebo kanye Nomnyango Wesayensi Nobuchwepheshe.

Amafemu aseShayina akhiqiza ngaphezu kwama-80% omhlabaamaphaneli elanganamamojula kodwa abhekane nezintela ezinzima ezibekwe yi-United States kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.

Abanye babo bathuthele izinsiza zabo eThailand naseMalaysia ukuze bagweme amanani kodwa iBeijing ayifuni ukuthi bayise ubuchwepheshe babo obuyisisekelo phesheya.

Ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bathe iChina ifuna ukuvimbela i-India ekubeni ngomunye wabahlinzeki abakhulu emhlabeni abahlinzeka ngamaphaneli elanga.

Ngo-2011, uMnyango Wezohwebo wase-US wanquma ukuthi i-China yayilahla amaphaneli elanga emakethe yase-US.Ngo-2012, yabeka imisebenzi kumaphaneli elanga aseShayina.

Abanye abenzi bephaneli yelanga baseShayina bathuthele eTaiwan ukuze bazame ukubalekela amanani kodwa i-US yandisa amanani ayo ukuze afake isicelo esiqhingini.

Babe sebethuthela eCambodia, Malaysia, Thailand naseVietnam.NgoJuni owedlule, abaphathi beBiden bathi bazohoxisa amanani entengoamaphaneli elangaangeniswe e-US esuka kulawa mazwe amane izinyanga ezingama-24.

Ukuze kwenqabele amafemu amaningi aseShayina ukuthi adlulisele ubuchwepheshe bawo obuyisisekelo be-silicon phesheya kwezilwandle, ungqongqoshe wezohwebo waseChina ngenyanga edlule uhlongoze ukuthi afake lobu buchwepheshe emihlahlandlela yawo yokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle.

Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengokuvala umnyango ngemva kokuba ihhashi seliphumile esibayeni, kodwa akunjalo.Izinkampani kungenzeka ukuthi sezithuthele eminye imishini phesheya ukuze zenze i-silicon enkulu - kodwa lapho zidinga izingxenye, imishini nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe ngeke zisakwazi ukuthenga ezweni laseChina.

I-Beijing iphinde yahlongoza ukukhawulela ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-laser radar yezwe, ukuhlela i-genome kanye nobuchwepheshe bezolimo bokuzalanisa.Ukuxoxisana nomphakathi kwaqala ngoDisemba 30 kwaze kwaphela ngoJanuwari 28.

Ngemuva kokubonisana, imboni yezohwebo yanquma ukuvala ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwei-silicon enkulu, i-silicon emnyama ne-cast-monoI-passivated emitter kanye ne-rear cell technology (PERC) technologies.

Umbhali wengosi ye-IT waseShayina uthe ama-silicon amakhulu anosayizi ophakathi kuka-182mm no-210mm azoba yizinga lomhlaba wonke njengoba isabelo sawo semakethe sikhule sisuka ku-4.5% ngo-2020 saya ku-45% ngo-2021 futhi cishe sizokwenyuka siye ku-90% ngokuzayo.

Uthe amafemu aseShayina azamile ukukhiqiza ama-silicon amakhulu phesheya kwezilwandle azothinteka ekuvinjweni okusha kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe njengoba kungenzeka angakwazi ukuthenga imishini edingekayo eChina.

Emkhakheni wephaneli yelanga, ama-silicon amancane abhekisela kulawo anosayizi ongu-166mm noma ngaphansi.Uma ucezu lwe-silicon lukhudlwana, izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla ziyancipha.

USong Hao, usekela sekela mongameli we-GCL Technology, ongumphakeli wama-wafers kagesi embonini yelanga, uthe yize ukuvinjelwa kokuthumela ngaphandle kuzovimbela amafemu aseShayina ukuthi andise phesheya kwezilwandle ngeke kumise ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yawo evela eChina.

USong uthe kunengqondo ukuthi iChina ivimbele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ubuchwepheshe bayo obuphambili kakhulu be-solar njengoba amazwe amaningi asethuthukile enze izinto ezifanayo naseChina esikhathini esidlule.

ULu Jinbiao, iphini likamqondisi wekomiti lochwepheshe leSilicon Industry of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, uthe ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.I-silicon emnyama kanye nobuchwepheshe be-cast-mono PERCzingase zingabi nomthelela omubi embonini njengoba zingasasetshenziswa kakhulu.

U-Lu uthe ama-giants amaningi e-solar panel yaseShayina, okuhlanganisa i-Longi Green Energy Technology, i-JA Solar Technology ne-Trina Solar Co, asevele athuthe imigqa yawo yokukhiqiza eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia eminyakeni emibili edlule.Uthe lezi zinkampani zizobhekana nemikhawulo ethile uma zifuna ukuthenga iziko lekristalu noma izinto zokusika izinto ze-silicon ezivela eChina ukuze zenze ama-silicon amakhulu.

U-Yu Duo, umhlaziyi wamandla elanga kwa-Oilchem.net, uthe i-India yethule uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezintsha zokuxhasa abakhiqizi bayo bemishini yelanga ngonyaka odlule emzamweni wokunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo emikhiqizweni yaseChina.Uthe iChina ifuna ukuvimbela i-India ekutholeni ubuchwepheshe bayo.